The normal maximum length of USB 2.0 cables is 5 meters, or about 16 feet. Beyond this the strength and timing of the signals can get out of tolerance and the USB connection will fail. This extension/repeater cable contains active electronics, which recondition and boost the timing signals to ensure that they stay within tolerance.
The repeater gets its power from the USB 5 VDC bus, so no external power adapter is required. Multiple repeater cables can be daisy-chained together to get even longer USB cable runs.